住宅厨房内部的成品 — Carbon12 / Kaiser+Path /照片Andrew Pogue

在过去的十年里, t在这里 has been growing interest in tall buildings constructed from mass timber materials as a means to achieve greater urban density with more sustainable construction. Worldwide, t在这里 are now dozens of buildings with more than seven stories of timber construction.

在美国.S., the 2021国际建筑规范 (IBC) includes three new construction types—Type 四、, ivb and IV-C—that allow the use of mass timber or noncombustible materials in buildings up to 18, 12层和9层(分别). These construction types are based on the previous Heavy Timber construction type (Type IV, changed to IV-HT in the 2021 IBC) but with additional requirements regarding fire-resistance ratings and use of noncombustible protection.

Mass timber projects designed under the 2018 or earlier versions of the code are generally constrained by prescriptive building height limits of five to six stories depending on the occupancy group. The term “tall timber” is associated with buildings that exceed the limits of previous codes for number of stories, 高度和某些情况下的面积.

如果你有兴趣在美国从事一个高大的木材项目.S.，请参阅下面的常见问题和资源. WoodWorks also provides free technical support to developers and design/construction teams. 如需帮助，请联系 WoodWorks区域总监本地或电子邮件 help@nuralmusic.com.

秋天日落时的上升建筑，Korb + Associates Architects设计 — 提升 / Korb + Associates Architects事务所

著名的高大木结构建筑

参观木工信息网获取美国大型木材项目的可搜索地图.S. (以及其他地方)，并了解他们的项目团队. 这是一个链接到地图筛选七层及以上的项目.

Notable projects that go beyond the prescriptive limits of previous versions of the IBC include:

建成的或在建的:

1510年韦伯斯特 -奥克兰，加州-混凝土平台上的18层大木材
Carbon12 -波特兰，俄勒冈州-八层楼的大木材.
介绍 ——俄亥俄州克利夫兰——混凝土平台上的八层大木结构建筑.
提升 – Milwaukee, WI – Nineteen stories of mass timber over six stories of concrete.
80M ——华盛顿, DC – Two new mass timber floors + habitable penthouse over an existing seven-story structure.
Apex清洁能源 – Charlottesville, VA – Six stories of mass timber over two stories of concrete.
贝克的地方 – Madison, WI – 12 stories of mass timber over three stories of concrete podium.
11 E勒诺克斯 -波士顿，麻萨诸塞州-七层楼的大木材.
心材 -西雅图，华盛顿州-八层楼的大木材.
明尼苏达州的地方 -波特兰，俄勒冈州-混凝土平台上的七层大木材.
TimberView -波特兰，俄勒冈州-八层楼的大木材.
邦克山住宅重建大厦 -波士顿，麻萨诸塞州- 6层楼的大型木材

高木材常见问题

1. What is the current status of tall mass timber buildings in the building code?

点击此链接 for the status of the 2021 IBC and jurisdictions that have adopted the tall wood code provisions.

2. 新建筑类型的高度限制是什么?

3. What are the timber exposure limits for Types 四、, ivb, IV-C and IV-HT construction

Required Noncombustible Protection on Mass Timber Elements by Construction Type

	四、	ivb	IV-C	IV-HT
木材暴露津贴	不允许使用外露木材	Ceilings and integral beams up to an area equaling 20% (per 2021 IBC) or 100% (per 2024 IBC) of fire area or dwelling unit area or Walls and integral columns up to an area equaling 40% of fire area or dwelling unit area or 两者的组合, with the sum of ratios (actual exposed divided by allowable exposed) not to exceed 1.0	允许完全暴露室内木材*	允许完全暴露室内木材*
建筑元素的内表面	总是需要. 2/3的FRR，最少80分钟	需要有例外. 2/3的FRR，最少80分钟	不需要*	不需要*
外墙外侧面	40分钟	40分钟	40分钟	15/32″FRT护套或1/2″石膏板或不燃材料
地板顶部(大质量木材上方)	1“最小	1“最小	不需要*	不需要*
轴	2/3的FRR，至少80分钟，内外均可	2/3的FRR，至少80分钟，内外均可	室内外至少40分钟	不需要*

*建筑类型不要求. 其他代码要求可能适用.
5/8″X型石膏= 40分钟

4. 高质量木材的耐火等级要求是什么?

高质量木结构的FRR要求(小时)

建筑元素	四、	ivb	IV-C
主要框架	3	2	2
外承重墙	3	2	2
内承重墙	3	2	2
屋顶结构	1.5	1	1
屋顶主框架	2	1	1
楼板结构	2	2	2

资料来源:2021年IBC表601

5. How are design teams leveraging tall mas timber code provisions to maximize the amount of timber exposure?

点击此链接 for an article that discusses how teams are utilizing the new code provisions to enhance the appearance of their tall mas timber structures with exposed timber framing.

6. I’ve heard that the 2024 IBC will allow 100% timber ceiling exposure in type ivb, 高达12层楼. 代码语言最终确定了吗?

是的, 2024年的IBC将包括新的代码更改, 哪些已获批准并将被合并, which allow timber ceiling exposure in Type ivb construction up to 100%. 新的代码语言将在2024年IBC中读取在这里. 一些司法管辖区，比如丹佛市, 达拉斯市, State of Oregon and State of Washington are already in the process of incorporating these new timber exposure limits in their building codes, and several design teams are looking to utilize the new limits in project-specific discussions with their local building officials. 联系你当地的木工公司区域主任了解您所在地区的项目如何处理这些设计主题.

木制品技术设计指南

解决方案文件 2021年IBC中的高层木结构建筑-高达18层的大量木材

Looking for information on the tall wood provisions in the 2021国际建筑规范? This paper summarizes the provisions as well as the background and research that supported their adoption.

查看资源

经声学测试的大型木材组件清单

找到一个声学测试组件，适合您的项目. 浏览在美国测试的程序集.S.，包括STC和ICC评级和测试报告.

设计用于声学的大量木地板

经防火测试的大块木材组件清单 & 渗透

Browse this inventory of mass timber assemblies and penetration fire stopping systems in mass timber assemblies that have been tested for fire resistance.

其他高大木材资源

技术设计指南

Tall Timber Buildings: W在这里 Structural Engineering Meets Fire Engineering ——《皇冠2登录welcome》，2020年9月
Technical Report 10: Calculating the Fire Resistance of Wood Members and Assemblies -美国木材协会(AWC)

皇冠99hg现金网

《双塔的故事 -录制WoodWorks网络研讨会
西雅图群众木塔:设想12层的木材 -录制WoodWorks网络研讨会

守则及标准

测试、研究和可行性研究:

高层建筑大体积木材的消防安全实施 ——上升
两层大质量木结构建筑的隔室防火试验 -美国农业部林业局林产品实验室
高与木材:西雅图群众木材塔的案例研究 - DLR集团
Mass Timber High-Rise Design Research: Museum Tower in Los Angeles Reimagined in Mass Timber - 2015年SEAOC公约论文集
国际高层木结构建筑调查 -林业创新投资，两国软木木材委员会
木塔研究项目 - - - - - - SOM

关于大量木材设计主题和项目示例的更多信息

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